Alcohol Treatment and Alcoholism Advice

 
 
 
 

SPECIALIST PHARMACOLOGICAL & BIOCHEMICAL INTERVENTIONS

SPECIALIST IN-PATIENT DETOXIFICATION

CLINICAL QUALITY

The setting chosen for planned in-patient detoxification should be that of a dedicated detoxification unit. Such units should provide a service which meets the following criteria:

MINIMUM STANDARDS:

  • The use of up-to-date evidence to direct prescribing regimes.
  • Safe practice through the minimisation of risk of morbidity and mortality occurring secondary to withdrawal and detoxification.
  • A planned date for admission with high levels of achievement.
  • Effective practice in terms of completion of detoxification rates.
  • Effective practice in terms of minimising physical and psychological discomfort during detoxification.
  • Minimisation of inconvenience to the patient caused by unnecessarily long stays in hospital.
  • Provision of an illicit drug and alcohol-free environment for detoxification.

BEST PRACTICE:

  • Provision of a safe, healthy and relaxing environment that is conducive to retention of the patient for the duration of the detoxification, and enhances patient satisfaction.

THE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF SAFE PRACTICE ARE:

  • The availability of protocols which describe an evidence-based medication regime and the steps which should be taken when complications supervene.
  • The 24 hour availability of nursing and medical staff who have been trained in the implementation of the protocols.
  • Tight management standards to ensure the correct implementation of the protocols by nursing and medical staff.
  • A drug and alcohol-free environment.
  • Specialist services should provide access to in-patient detoxification.
  • This should usually take place in a dedicated detoxification unit which has been demonstrated to meet various minimum standards.

With regard to completion rates, dedicated in-patient detoxification units tend to achieve better outcomes than general psychiatric wards (Gossop & Strang, 2000). Completion rates in some specialist units approach 100%, whereas typical completion rates in a general psychiatric ward will be in the region of 65%. The provision of detoxification in a setting where illicit substances/alcohol are available increases the risk of non-completion, but also increases the risk of morbidity and mortality occurring during the detoxification. Frequent reports of the availability of illicit substances in a detoxification unit may also indicate the presence of generally poor management standards; poor training and supervision of nursing staff in such units is likely to lead to unsafe practice due to failure of staff to routinely follow protocols.

The availability of a guaranteed planned date for admission is an essential component of the overall package of care that is offered to the patient by a specialist drug and alcohol team. The provision of a planned date to aim for and prepare for, as part of an overall care-planning process is consistent with the use of cognitive-behavioural principles.Any member of the public who has experienced the cancellation of or uncertainty around the date of a hospital admission is likely to experience distress and frustration; however, in the case of say a hip replacement, this is unlikely to impinge directly on the final success of the operation. In the case of the addicted patient awaiting detoxification, any disruption to psychological and social stabilisation will impinge on motivation to see through what is usually a huge challenge for the individual, will decrease the adequacy of psychological preparedness, and is also likely to interfere with aftercare planning and thus long term as well as immediate outcomes.




Next page .. SPECIALIST OPIATE DETOXIFICATION TECHNIQUES

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The above information is copyright of Dr Bruce Trathen MBBS MRCPsych (2006). ISBN 0-9545164-0-0. The author grants permission for these guidelines to be downloaded, copied and distributed freely, but does not grant permission for their sale.


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